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Cone Reference
Temperature Equivalents - Each cone number reaches its 90° (6 o'clock) bending position at a temperature when it is heated in an electric kiln at a constant rate for the last hour before that temperature is reached. This table gives the temperature for cone numbers heated at several different rates.
Cone Charts - Pyrometric cones have been used by the ceramic industry since 1896 to measure the performance of kilns and furnaces. Each cone has a unique composition that bends after it receives sufficient heat, as measured by time and temperature within the furnace. See Pyrometric Cones for more information. Orton has developed ways to quantify the results obtained based on the bending of its cones. We now have available a cone calculation program that is recommended for use in converting cone bending angles to cone equivalent temperatures. We also have Cone Charts available from Orton for each cone number. These can be used to convert the cone's bending angle to cone equivalent temperatures. Use a template to measure the angle of the tip of the cone relative to the base. Convert the bending angle to Temperature using a table like the one shown below.
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Use the graph to find the temperature correction for heating rates different that 60°C/hour. The cone calculation program takes into account both heating rate and hold time. Contact Orton for more information on this program.
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Comparison with Other Cones - Often, someone wants to switch to Orton cones but there is uncertainty as to which cone number to purchase. A table is provided that compares cones numbers from other manufacturers. Because this table may not represent the current equivalent temperatures of competitive cones, it is recommended that sample quantity cones be obtained and side-by-side test firings conducted before deciding which Orton cone is suitable.
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Using Orton Cones/Temperature Chart - describes use and behavior of cones, provides approximate bending temperatures for cone number 022 to 12 in ºC and ºF, excellent reference guide when using Orton cone numbers with controllers or pyrometers - four pages, 5 1/2 x 8 1/2 size.
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Kiln Monitoring/Cone Calculation Program
Download the Cone Calculation Program for converting cone bending into cone equivalent temperatures or determine temperature differences.
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